When it comes to crop nutrition and your soil fertility plan, you need to make sure you've dotted your i's and crossed your t's. Checklists aren't for everyone, but defining a clear process to ensure you are properly covering bases is critical in the execution of a successful nutrient management plan. Feel free to use and print the Soil Fertility Checklist below as your starting point.
❑ Soil Sampling and Testing
Sample in spring (if fall sampling was not done)
This is the single best tool for fertility planning
Use proper sampling procedures
Determine within-field variability
This aids in avoiding under- or over-fertilizing
❑ Review Crop Production Records
Review last year's yield data and crop notes
Review past deficiency symptoms and other growth problems
Define all yield-limiting factors from last year's crop
Correct soil pH as needed
Consider insect, weed and soil compaction potentials
❑ Know the Plant Nutrients
Primary nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (used in the largest quantities by plants)
Secondary nutrients: calcium, magnesium and sulfur
Micronutrients: Nutrients used in very small quantities, such as boron, manganese and zinc, may need attention. Other micronutrients (iron, copper, chloride, nickel and molybdenum) require attention in some instances
*Primary, secondary and micronutrients can all be researched in the section of CropNutrition.com.
❑ Set Yield Goals
Set realistic and challenging yield goals
Yield goals should be set for each and every field
❑ Start with Analysis of Past Yields
Evaluate management decisions and inputs that can be improved or changed
Start a three-to-five year yield improvement program with a goal to improve yields 10 to 20 percent per year
❑ Options For Starter Fertilizer
Consider methods of application and placement
Starter band placement may provide benefits in cool, wet springs, low-fertility situations, early planting and other high-stress situations
The "starter effect" generally disappears during the growing season in high-fertility fields
❑ Consult Local Fertility Experts
Talk to your local fertility experts
Many factors influence crop response to fertilizers. Local crop advisors, such as your fertilizer dealer, independent crop consultant, county agent or other supplier advisors, can provide invaluable advice when making fertilization decisions
❑ Finalize Nutrient Management Plans
Consider all factors and produce a plan
Include the quantity, placement and timing of nutrient applications
It is a best management practice to ensure adequate - but not excessive - nutrients are available to the growing crop
Develop a plan to achieve both production and environmental goals